Skor ve Skalalar

Karnowsky Performance Scale

100% – normal, no complaints, no signs of disease
90% – capable of normal activity, few symptoms or signs of disease
80% – normal activity with some difficulty, some symptoms or signs
70% – caring for self, not capable of normal activity or work
60% – requiring some help, can take care of most personal requirements
50% – requires help often, requires frequent medical care
40% – disabled, requires special care and help
30% – severely disabled, hospital admission indicated but no risk of death
20% – very ill, urgently requiring admission, requires supportive measures or treatment

Classification of Spondylolisthesis- Wiltse Classification
1.)  Dysplastic : Congenital malformation of the sacrum or neural arch of L5.
2.) Isthmic: Stress fracture, elongation, or acute fracture of the pars.
3.) Degenerative: Long-standing arthritic process of the zygapophyseal joints.
4.) Traumatic: Neural arch fracture excluding the pars region.
5.) Pathologic: Bone disease – Paget’s, Metastatic disease, or Osteopetrosis.
6.) Iatrogenic: Following lumbar spine surgery
 
Reference: Wiltse LL, Newman PH, Macnab I. “Classification of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.” Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1976 Jun;(117):23-9.

Spondylolisthesis-Meyerding grade

Categorises severity of spondylolisthesis based upon measurements on lateral X-ray of the distance from the posterior edge of the superior vertebral body to the posterior edge of the adjacent inferior vertebral body. This distance is then reported as a percentage of the total superior vertebral body length:

§  Grade 1 is 0–25%

§  Grade 2 is 25–50%

§  Grade 3 is 50–75%

§  Grade 4 is 75–100%

§  Over 100% is Spondyloptosis, when the vertebra completely falls off the supporting vertebra.

 

Glasgow Outcome Scale

Outcome after sever brain damage

1. Dead

2. Persistent vegetative state (no obvious cortical function)

3. Severe disability (conscious but disabled) 

4. Moderate disability (disabled but independent)

5. Good recovery (return to normal activities with minor neuro or psychological deficits)

 

Frankel Grade- Spinal Cord Function

A complete paralysis

B sensory function only below the injury level

C incomplete motor function below injury level

D fair to good motor function below injury level

E normal function

 

ASA-Presurgical condition for anaesthesia
§  1. Normal healthy patient
§  2. Mild systemic disease
§  3. Severe systemic disease
§  4. Severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
§  5. Moribund patient, not expected to survive the operation
§  6. Declare brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes
§  Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASA_physical_status_classification_system
 
Spetzler e Martin:
The Spetzler-Martin AVM grading system allocates points for various features of intracranial AVM's to give a score between 1 and 5. Grade 6 is used to describe inoperable lesions. The score correlates with operative outcome.

The grading system
size of nidus
small (<3cm) = 1
medium (3 - 6cm) = 2
large (> 6cm) = 3
eloquence of adjacent brain
non-eloquent = 0
eloquent = 1
venous drainage
superficial only = 0
deep = 1
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spetzler-martin-avm-grading-system

 

The WFNS (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) grading system uses the Glasgow Coma Scale and presence of focal neurological deficits to grade the severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage. This grading system was proposed in 1988, and this is one of the accepted systems (although not considered the best) at the time of writing (August 2016).
Classification
    •    grade 1: GCS 15, no motor deficit.
    •    grade 2: GCS 13-14 without deficit
    •    grade 3: GCS 13-14 with focal neurological deficit
    •    grade 4: GCS 7-12, with or without deficit.
    •    grade 5: GCS <7 , with or without deficit.
The presence or absence of a focal neurological deficit is used to distinguish between grades 2 and 3.
The scale reflects that the biggest determinant of mortality is conscious state, whilst the predictor of morbidity is the presence of hemiparesis or aphasia.

 

Koos grading scale
A common classification system known as the Koos grading scale is frequently used for vestibular schwannoma.

The Koos classification of vestibular schwannomas is designed to stratify tumors based on extrameatal extension and compression of the brainstem.

Grade 1 tumors involve only the internal auditory canal.

Grade 2 tumors extend into the cerebellopontine angle, but do not encroach on the brainstem.

Grade 3 tumor fills the entire cerebellopontine angle.

Koos Grade 4 Vestibular Schwannoma displaces the brainstem and adjacent cranial nerves.